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高考英语——知识点总结(四)

发布时间:2019-11-14 16:16:31    点击:

be ahead of

该词组有两层意思,一是优于超过;二是…………的前面。如:

He is well ahead of all the other students in English.

be angry with sb.生某人的气。

be angry at/about sth.因某事而生气。

①Don’t be angry with me for my being late?不要因为我迟到而生我的气。

②What are you angry about?你生什么气?

③He was angry at being kept waiting for so long.让他等了这么久,他很生气。

be certain…; be sure

be uncertain about意思是……不确定(没把握)

uncertain的词根是certain,意思是确信的,有把握的,常用于以下结构:

(1)be certain(sure) to do sth.“肯定会做……”(表示某事将要发生)。如:

He is certain(sure) to come next Sunday.

(2)be certain(sure) of/ about sth.“确信、有把握(表示某个人的思想状态)。如:

We are certain/ sure of victory.

(3)名词从句作主语时,一般多用certain.

It is certain that he will come.

be different from……不同

  Your idea is different from mine.  你的想法和我的不同。

对比:make sb./ sth. different from使某人/某物不同于……

  Her special accent makes her different from others.  她特殊的口音使她与众不同。

be familiar with,be familiar to

be familiar with的主语是有生命的事,意为某人对人、事熟悉be familiar to 的主语是无生命的事物,意为某人/事为某人所熟悉,对比:He is very familiar with the names of plants in English.他很熟悉植物的英语名称。Suzhou and Hangzhou are familiar to many foreigners.苏州和杭州为许多外国人所熟悉。

I’m not familiar with European history./European history is not familiar to me.我对欧洲历史不太熟悉。

注意:be familiar with/to   还表示精通、通晓

如:French is as familiar to him as English.他对法语就象对英语一样精通。

[应用一句多译这些事实是每个学生都熟悉的。她精通4种语言。

Key:①These facts are familiar to every schoolboy./Every shoolboy is familiar with these facts.

②She is familiar with four languages./Four languages are familiar to her.

be filled with = be full of 充满,装满如:

The bottle is filled with water .瓶子里装满了水。

注意:Filled with courage , he went into the cave .此处filled 表示充满了的指处于一种状态。

比较:be crowded with 挤满的,与be filled with 有所不同。如:

The room is crowded with guests.房间里挤满了客人。

此外,fill作为动词可用其主动形式,亦可构成另外短语。如:

Fill the bottle with sand .把瓶子装满沙子。

Fill in the blanks .填空。

be full of…→be filled with…充满

①The classroom was full of students.教室里挤满了学生。

②Her eyes were full of tears.她眼泪汪汪的。

be likely to 易于……;有可能的.  后跟动词不定式,往往用在一时的情形。

I shall be likely to catch cold if I go out tonight without my overcoat.如果今晚不穿大衣出去,我会感冒的。

  Is that magazine likely to interest you?  那本杂志对你有吸引力吗?

be of…结构小结

(1)be of + 表示年龄(age)、大小(size)、颜色(color)、重量(weight)、高度(height)、价格(price)、意见(opinion)、形状(shape)、种类(kind)和方法(way)等名词,说明主语的特征,of表示具有之意,有时可省去。例如:

They are both of middle height.他俩都是中等个儿。

When I was of your age, I was a teacher.当我是你这个年龄时,我当老师了。

These flowers are of different colors.这些花朵颜色不同。

Tom is of a different way of thinking.汤姆的思维方式与别人不同。

注意:此结构中,如果of后面的名词前有不定冠词a/an,则a/an=the same.例如:

The two boys are of an/the same age.这两个男孩同龄。

These bottles are of a/the same size.这些瓶子大小一样。

(2)be of + 物质名词,表示主语是由某材料制成或某成分构成,相当于be made of, be built ofbe made up of等。例如:

The necklace is(made)of glass.这项链是玻璃制的。

The bridge is (built)of stone.这桥是由石头构筑的。

Our class is (made up)of over 50 students. 我班有50多个学生。

(3)be of + 抽象名词(如value, importance,use, help等),of表示具有、具备等意思,of不能省,这一结构相当于be+该抽象名词相应的形容词。例如:

They are of great help/ very helpful to learners of English.他们对英语学习者来说是很有帮助的。

In fact, sports and games can be of great value/very valuable.事实上体育运动是很有价值的。

The book is of no use/useless to us.这书对我们无用。

It is of great importance/very important to study English.学习英语很重要。

因此,根据上述(1),(2)点可以看出,课文句中第一个be of 结构表示具有,第二个be of(承前省去be)表示……制成的。全句汉语意思为:硬币的大小、重量、形状可能各不相同,并由不同的金属制成。

be on

on 表明所处的状态,意为工作,在……服务可用be a member of, work for, belong to 替换。

I’m on the school team.我属于校队。

She is on Times newspaper.她在时代报社工作。

[应用]完成句子,上下句同意

①Which team do you belong to ?Which team______you_____?

②She is a member of the city team.She______ ______ the city team.

Key: ①are,on ②is, on

be out; put out

be out (灯、火)熄灭,强调状态。 put  out 意为熄灭、扑灭,强调动作。如:

Is the fire out ?

Office workers tried to put out the fire, but it was impossible to control it.

be remembered as…作为……而被人们怀念

He will always be remembered as a national hero.

be seated

意为坐下=sit down,是正式用语,而sit down是非正式用语。

如:Please be seated, ladies and gentlemen.

be up to

to是介词,后接名词、代词或动名词。这一短语有以下几个常用意思:

1)从事于、忙于,有时含有密谋干坏事之意。如:

What is he up to now?他现在在干什么?

He is up to no good.他没干好事。

2)由……负责,常用It作主语。如:

It’s up to you to decide whether to go or not.是去还是不去由你决定。

It’s up to us to give them all the help we can.我们理应尽力帮助他们。

3)胜任、适于。如:

He is not up to his work.他不胜任他的工作。

4)直到、以至。如:

up to now 直到现在

Between the hours of midnight and 6 a.m.the hurricane crossed the southeast corner of England with winds of up to 160km/h.从午夜时分到清晨6点之间,飓风横扫英格兰的东南角,风速高达每小时160公里。

because;because of

二者均表示因为,区别是:

because是从属连词引导原因状语从句;而because of是一个合成介词,其后接名词、代词、动名词或what从句组成介词短语。如:

I went back not because of the rain,but because I was tired.我回去不是因为下雨,而是因为我累了。

Her face turned red because of what he said.他的话使她脸红了。

become experienced at……有经验

experienced adj.有经验的,老练的

be experienced in

He’s very experienced in money matters.

experience n.经验,体验(in(of)/doing

My father has ten year’s experience in teaching.

beeline n.两地之间的直线;捷径(指蜜蜂采蜜后径直飞向蜂房,这条路叫beeline

1make a beeline for sb./sp.走近路;走直路;向……直行

  As soon as the meeting was over, he made a beeline for the pub.会议一结束,他就直接上了酒吧。

  If you want to catch up with them, you’d better make a beeline for them.

如果你想赶上他们,你最好抄近路去。

2in a beeline 成直线地,笔直地

  The pupils went to the museum in a beeline.  孩子们直接走向博物馆。

believe in=trust/trust in)信赖;信任;信仰

  Tom is honest. I believe in him.  汤姆很诚实,我信赖他。

  He doesn’t believe in anybody in the world.  在这个世界上,他不相信任何人。

  We believe in socialism.  我们信仰社会主义。

①We believe in Marxism.

②You can believe in him.

③We believe in our government.

对比:believe sb.相信某人的话是真的。

I believe what he said this time though he often tells lies.尽管他经常撒谎,可这次我相信他的话是真的。

belong to属于

无被动结构,也不用进行时态。下列单词和词组也无被动形式:appear, disappear, happen, take place, break out等。

The house belongs to him.这所房子归他所有。The book belongs to my deskmate.这本书是我同位的。

besides

作为副词,意思是还有,而且moreover),常放在句首。如:

I don ‘t want to go out for a walk. Besides, I’m feeling tired.

beyond,prep.

(场所)在(向)……的一边,越过……,(程度)超出;(时间),超过(Δ常用于否定句);除……之外,……以外。

①Go about 200 metres beyond the house and you will find the hotel on the left.

②I want to buy a bag beyond these clothes.

blow

用作动词,表示吹风,刮风。如:

blow hard(strongly)风刮得很大;blow away the leaves吹走树叶;blow down(over)trees 把树刮倒;blow in much dust吹进灰尘;blow off one’s hat吹掉帽子;blow out the candle吹灭蜡烛;blow open(风吹)开;blow up爆炸

用作名词,表示打击,一击。如:be a great blow to sb.对某人是个巨大的打击;give sb.a heavy blow on the head重重地打某人的头。

【应用】完成句子

他妻子之死对他是一大打击。His wife’s death was _______ _________ ________ ______him.

我那顶帽子被风吹掉了。I _______my hat __________ ___________.  

风刮得厉害,门吹开了。The wind was ________ __________ and the door ________.

战士们把敌人的大桥炸毁了。The soldiers __________ __________the enemy’s bridge.

Key:①a ,great, blow, to     ②had, blown, off③blowing, hard, blew, open   ④blew, up

block

用作名词,意为块;街区;阻塞。如:

a block of ice/stone/wood 一大块冰/石头/木头;two blocks两个街区;a block in traffic/a traffic block交通堵塞。

用作动词,表示阻塞,阻拦。如:

be blocked by the heavy snow被大雪堵塞,block the entrance 堵塞入口;Block!(路标)此路不通!

【应用】完成句子

道路被人群挤得水泄不通。The road_______ _______with crowds of people.

那家旅馆同这里隔着两条街。The hotel is __________ _________ __________.

他们用石块将洞口堵住。They ________ (up)the entrance to the cave with big rocks.

有人在妨碍我们实施计划。Someone is _________our plan.

Key:①was, blocked   ②two, blocks,away③blocked  ④blocking

倍数的表示法

1…times as…as“…………的几倍

Asia is four times as large as Europe.亚洲的大小是欧洲的4倍。

2…times +形容词/副词比较级+that:

The new building is four times higher than the old one.新楼比旧楼高4倍。

3…times+the size/height/length/depth+of…

The earth is 49 times the size of the moon.地球是月亮大小的49倍。

The ball is twice the width of our classroom.舞厅是我们教室宽度的2倍。

4…times+what从句:

The production now is three times what it was ten years ago.现在的生产是10年前的3倍。

[应用]选择正确答案

①After the new technique was introduced,the factory

produced_____tractors in 1988 as the year before.(MET’90)

Aas twice many   B.as many twiceC.twice as many    D.twice many as

②The population of China is_____than that of America.

A.larger five times  B.five times larger  C.five times as  D.as five times

Key:①C  ②B

begin(…)with………开始(

①Knowledge begins with practice.知识来自实践。

②Let’s begin(this unit) with the words and expressions.咱们从单词和短语开始学(这个单元)。

besides/except/but

besides用作介词时,表示……以外还有之意,即所除去的东西要包括在内。用作副词时,表示此外,而且

except表了……之外所除去的东西不包括在内。

but只能用在no,all,nobody,anything,anywhere等词之后。

如:Besides knowing some Greek,she was fluent in Italian.她除了懂些希腊语之外,意大利语也说得很流利。

Do you play other games besides tennis?除网球之外,你还进行其他的运动吗?

It wasn’t a good hotel;besides,it was very expensive.这不是一家好旅馆,况且房价也很贵。

Harrison had thought of everything except the weather.哈利森什么事情都考虑到了,惟独没有考虑到天气。

Under the soil there is nothing except/but sand.土壤下面只有沙子。

比较级 + and + 比较级

more and more countries 越来越多的国家;fewer and fewer students越来越少的学生;less and less time 越来越少的时间;more and more beautiful越来越漂亮;get thinner and thinner 变得越来越瘦;fly higher and higher 飞得越来越高;run more and more slowly跑得越来越慢,become stronger and stronger 越来越强大;

[应用]汉译英

越来越多的人认识到学好一门外语的重要性。

飞机飞得越来越高直到看不见了。

Key:

①More and more people realize the importance of learning a foreigh language well.

②The plane flew higher and higher until it was out of sight.

表示大约

about,around,some,or so均可来表示大约。前三个词通常放在被修饰成分之前,而or so多置于其后。如:

about one hundred students大约100名学生;

at around eight o’cloch在大约八点钟;

some twenty years ago 大约二十年前;

[应用]一句多用:这件设备重10吨左右。

Key:This piece of equipment weighs some 10 tons.

    This piece of equipment weighs 10 tons or so.

    This piece of equipment weighs about (around)10 tons.

 



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