导语

1.倒装句之全部倒装

全部倒装是只将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。此结构通常只用与一般现在时和一般过去时。常见的结构有:

(1)here, there, now, then, thus等副词置于句首, 谓语动词常用be, come, go, lie, 
run。例如:

There goes the bell.

Then came the chairman.

Here is your letter.

(2)表示运动方向的副词或地点状语置于句首,谓语表示运动的动词。

Out rushed a missile from under the bomber.

Ahead sat an old woman.

注意:上述全部倒装的句型结构的主语必须是名词,如果主语是人称代词则不能完全倒装。例如:

Here he comes.

Away they went.

2.倒装句之部分倒装

部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态倒装至主语之前。如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词,则需添加助动词do,
does或did,并将其置于主语之前。

句首为否定或半否定的词语,如no, not, never, seldom, little, hardly, at no time, in no 
way, not until… 等。

Never have I seen such a performance.

Nowhere will you find the answer to this question.

Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room.

当Not until引出主从复合句,主句倒装,从句不倒装。

注意: 如否定词不在句首不倒装。

I have never seen such a performance.

The mother didn t leave the room until the child fell asleep.

3.以否定词开头作部分倒装

如Not only…but also, Hardly/Scarcely…when, No sooner… than.例如:

Not only did he refuse the gift, he also severely criticized the 
sender.

Hardly had she gone out when a student came to visit her.

No sooner had she gone out than a student came to visit her.

4.so, neither, nor作部分倒装

以so/neither起首的倒装句,结构为so/neither+谓语(助动词/be动词/情态动词)+主语,用于说明上文所描述的情况也同样适用于下文的人或物。该结构中谓语动词的选择在形式上要和上文的谓语保持一致,数要由下文的主语来决定。

注意:

在“so+谓语+主语”的结构中,主语是另外的人或物,而在“so+主语+谓语”的结构中,主语仍是上文的人或物,表示对 上文所讲事实的肯定或强调。

如,She can play the piano, so she can.她会弹钢琴,她的确会。

He can sing a lot of English songs, so can she.他会唱很多英语歌曲,她也是。

She speaks English very well, so do I.她英语说得好,我也是。

Li Lei hasn’t read this book, neither has Lin Feng.李蕾没看过这本书,林风也没看过。

She has finished the work. So have I . 她已经完成了工作,我也完成了。

She will go to school. So will he. 她将去学校,他也是。

5.only在句首要倒装的情况

Only in this way, can you learn English well.

Only after being asked three times did he come to the meeting.

如果句子为主从复合句,则主句倒装,从句不倒装。

Only when he is seriously ill, does he ever stay in bed.

6.as, though 引导的倒装句

as / though引导的让步从句必须将表语或状语提前 (形容词, 副词, 分词, 实义动词提前)。

注意:

(1) 句首名词不能带任何冠词。

(2)句首是实义动词, 其他助动词放在主语后。如果实义动词有宾语和状语,随实义动词一起放在主语之前。

Try hard as he will, he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily.

注意:让步状语从句中,有though,although时,后面的主句不能有but,但是 though 和yet可连用

7.其他部分倒装

(1)so… that 句型中的so 位于句首时,需倒装。

So frightened was he that he did not dare to move an inch.

(2)在某些表示祝愿的句型中。

May you all be happy.

(3)在虚拟语气条件句中从句谓语动词有were, had, should等词,可将if 省略,把 were, had, should 
移到主语之前,采取部分倒装。

Were I you, I would try it again.